Internal combustion engine



Jan. 5, 1937. M G D 2,067,049

' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed rilza, 1934 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Q m MAR/r r1 GOLDBERG ATTORNEY Jan. 5, 1937. M GOLDBERG 2,067,049

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 23, 1954 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR MHRK J 670% m A TTORNE Y Jan. 5, 1937. M J. GOLDBERG I 2,067,049 I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 25, 1934. :s sheets-sheet a I INVEN'TOR MARK d 6'0L08ER6 A TTOR/VE Y5 Patented Jan. 1937 PATENT oFFici:

2,067,049 INTERNAL )COMBUSTION ENGINE Mark J. Goldberg, Beloit, Wis., assignor to Campbell, Wyant & Cannon Foundry Company,

Muskegon Heights, Michigan Micln, a corporation of Application April 23, 1934, Serial No. 721,941 3 Claims. (Cl. 123-51 This invention relates to internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to engines of the two-cycle type wherein two pistons operate in opposed movement in each cylinder of a plurality of-cylinders' located at opposite sides of acommon crank shaft; and in which the crank shaft is operated by connecting rods attached to rocking levers which in turn are attached, through suitable connecting rods, to pistons, there being a piston connected to each end of each rocking lever, said pistons being located one at one side and the other at the opposite side of the crank shaft. 1 k

The present disclosure shows an engine particularly designed for Diesel operation though the engine is not limited to Diesel operation alone.

One primary object and purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel construction of very compact form and in which the dimensions of the engine are restricted to substantially the absolute minimum with a saving of space and material. v of firstimportance is the novel loeation of the parts of a unit of the engine, all

in the same plane of operation, whereby eccentric or other binding stresses do not occur, their possi- I bility of occurrence being eliminated by reason of the novel construction which I have designed "Such parts of an engine unit consist of two cylinders, four pistons, two rocking levers and connecting rods between the rocking levers and the crank shaft and between the rocking levers and pistons.

Another object of the invention and a result attained thereby is a reduction in wear of both pistons and the cylinder walls through a very substantial diminution of angular thrust between the pistons and the cylinder wall. iWear is also decreased byreason' of slower operation speeds with engines of the kind produced by my inv'en- 0 tion; A'still furtherobject is to provide a connection': between the crank shaft and the rocking "levers at points -on the rocking levers between the pivotal mountings of said rocking levers and the attachment of the piston connecting rods to 5 the rocking levers to provide a minimum crank throw with aresultantmore perfect balance of the parts, a quieter running engine and a lessening of vibration, all tending to extend the life of the engine. Many other'objects-andpurposes than those stated will be apparent upon an understanding of the inventionhad from the following descrip- "tion," taken 'in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which,

' Fig. 'ris a -transverse cross section of the entional view, the section being taken substantially on the plane of line 55 of Fig. 1.

'apart frames I carry, at their central portions,

' and through the openings 5' into] the gine showing the pistons of one unit thereof in mid-position of their stroke travel.

Fig. 2 is a similar cross section with the" pistons at one side at extreme outer positions and at the other side at extreme inner positions. 5

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section, substantiallyon the line 33 of Fig. 1, but with various parts of different units thereof shown in a vertical section though offest from the plane of said line. 10 Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the pistons and its pivotal connection to a. rock- .ing arm.

Fig. 5 is a partial plan. and longitudinal sec- Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged horizontal sectional view substantially on the plane of line 66 of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a detail of the connecting rod connections to the crank shaft.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the different figures of the drawings.

In the construction-of the engine, frames I are cast, two for each so-called unit of the engine spaced from each other. Integral with such s ipporting frames are vertical cylinders 2 at opposite sides of and between the frames i and cast integral therewith with the-usual provisions for water jacketing for cooling. The spaced bearings 3 for parts of the crank shaft as will hereafter appear.

There may be-a plurality of these units, each of which has two pistons, one at each side of 35 the frames, saidunits being located in longitudi nal alinemen't and with a frame I between adjacent unitsv serving as a. common support for the cylinders of said adjacent units. Above a horizontal plane midway between the ends of the 40 cylinders is a chamber 4 located at the outer sides of the cylinders.. Each cylinder has a plurality of openings 5 therein around the same so that air may be forced thereinto. The cylinder,- around such series of openings 5,- carries an integrally cast manifold 5a so that air pumped into the chamber 4 is forced into said manifold cylinder when the ports 5 are uncovered.

Likewise in a plane substantially the same dls- 5 tanee below the median horizontal, plane of the cylinders as the ports 5 are above, exhaust-openings or ports I are made in each cylinder for the passage of exhaust gases-outwardly through an exhaust manifold (i which has a continuation 1a similar to the manifold Ba surrounding each cyl-' inder at said ports 'I.

Substantially midwaybetween the upper and lower ends of each cylinder a combustion chamber 8 is formed having an inlet therefrom at 8 into the cylinder. A fuel injection nozzle I0 is mounted so as to inject fuel which is carried thereto through a connecting pipe II from a opposite ends of a lower rocking lever IS. The

rocking levers are mounted midway between their ends on horizontal pivots I! which extend between adjacent frames I and the axes of which are located in the same vertical plane as the axis of the crank shaft. The outer ends of the rocking levers it are forked to make U-shaped yokes, the arms of which extend one at each side of the outer ends of the piston rods l5, there being a suitable pivot pin l8 extending through the sides of the yokes and the outer ends of the piston rods I5.

As shown in Fig. 4 each piston rod I5 is hollow and has a tube l8 therein to carry lubricant to a piston wrist pin 20 which is mounted and fixed in a detachable wrist pin bearing 2| secured in place by bolts 22, the wrist pin 20 passing through an end of a connecting rod l5. A fiexible boot 23 is held by a spring wire ring 24, at

\ one end on the connecting rod 15 and at the other on a shroud 25fixed .at the inner end of the piston It to prevent oil from dropping into the piston.

The crank shaft includes a plurality of disks 26 spaced from each other and connected by cranks 21 the axes of which are parallel to the axis of rotation of the flank shaft but eccentrically ofiset therefrom as shown. The disks 26 have a rotative. mounting'within the bearings 8 of the framesl previously described. The crankshaft is integrally formed and its length varies-in accordance with the number of units utilized. Four units are disclosed in the drawings as will be described later. Two connecting rods 28 are each divided at their outer ends to 2 make U-shaped yokes the sides -of which pass one to each side of lugs projecting inwardly from the rocking arms I8 and are pivotally connected thereto by pivot sleeves 28. The connecting rods 28, in the position shown in Fig. 2, extend diagonally across and lie between adjacent frame members I. That is, the respective outer ends of the connecting rods 28 are connected to the rocking arms ii at opposite sides of their pivotalmountings l1. Also the connections of the rods 28 to the rocking arms I 6 are between the pivotal mountings II for the rocking armsand the pivotal connections at l8 between the ends of the rocking arms and the piston connecting rods ll.

The inner ends of the connecting rods 28 are formed with lateral projections 80, concaved at their inner ends to fit the cranks 21 at opposite sides, around which divided clamping collars go which are connected together by bolts 3|. This permits the two connecting rods 28 of a unit to lie in the same plane with each other and with the axes of the cylinders and pistons in the same vertical plane with the axes of the connecting rods 28 and of the piston connecting rods IS, without vany offsetting'of the rods 28 into different vertical planes with respect to each other or to the other parts noted.

It is also apparent that the connection of the outer ends of the rods 28 to the rocker levers I6, at points between the rocking axis of said levers.

and the outer ends of said levers permits the rocking levers to be positioned inward. toward in which lateral pressure of the pistons against, the cylinders is reduced with elimination of wearand with a consequent economy in the use of iu bricating oil.-

I have illustrated an engine in which are joined together four of the complete units described thus providing eight cylinders and sixteen pistons. It is of course possible to extend the engine farther incorporating the structure of additional units. Likewise there maybe a restricting to less than what has been termed the four unit structure, that is, to three or two or even one of the said units.

Cover plates 32 are secured at both the upper and lower sides of the engine. At the upper side they may be provided with openings to which covers 33 are. applied.

Operation In the operation of the engine, assuming the parts to be in the position shown in Fig. 1, in one cylinder therewill be occurring a compression of air and in the other an explosion or burning of mixed fuel and air, For example, an explosion or burning of mixed fuel and air, if taking place in the right-hand cylinder of Fig. 1, forces the pistons l4 therein apart, rocking the upper lever IS in a counterclockwise direction and the lower lever I6 in a clockwise direction. This forces the two pistons It in the left-hand cylinder toward each other, compressing air between said pistons to a very high degree of compression and with a resultant high temperature. When the operation has continued so that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2, the air betweenthe pistons It in the left-hand cylinder hasbeen compressed between said cylinders and into the combustion chamber 8, into which fuel is injected under high pressure. At the high temperature to which the air has been raised the fuel is spontaneously ignited, whereupon the products of combustion and the burning fuel pass through the inlet passage 9 between the ends of the two closely adjacent pistons H in the left-hand cylinder.

In the meantime the pistons in the right hand cylinder have moved to the position shown in Fig. 2, with the upper pistons above the ports I and the lower piston below, the exhaust ports I.

low the upper piston ll, filling the cylinder with air which forces the products of combustion from the previous explosion out through the lower exhaust ports 1, thus completely scavenging the cylinder of the products of the previous explopistons as the same move toward each other upon the forcing apart of the two pistons in the lefthand cylinder caused theburning or exploding mixture of fuel and air.

Accordingly, there is alternate movement of the pistons-in one cylinder, toward each other while'in the opposite cylinder they move away from each other, with a rocking of the rocking levers IS in opposition to each other which causes a rotation of the crank shaft, as is evident.

The construction described is practical and relatively simple in structure. By reason of its compactness, freedom from vibration, with relatively little sidebearing and wear of the pistons on the cylinders, all coming from the construction described and the location of themoving parts substantially in the same vertical plane, a

particularly practical and serviceable engine is produced and one with which great power may be developed with much less rotative speeds of the crank shaft than used in practical ordinary internal combustion engines. By reasonof the two pistons in .each cylinder traveling in opposite directions the speed of the pistons is much lessened with a further reduction in wear of both the pis- 1 tons, piston rings andcylinder walls. The connection of the rods 28 inwardly from the adjacent ends of the rocker arms l6 reduces the crank throw and thus reduces vibration. All of these features combine to provide an engine of a very practical and serviceable nature. The invention is defined in the appended claims and is to be considered comprehensive of all forms of structure coming within their scope.

I claim: 1. In an internal combustion engine of the class described, two vertical spaced apart parallel cylinders,vertical supporting frames spaced from and in parallel relation to each other carrying said cylinders, a crank shaft mounted between the cylinders andon the supporting frames and extending between said frames, a rocking lever pivotally mounted between its ends at both the v upper and lower ends of said frames, two pistons in each cylinder, connections between the pistons and the adjacent ends of the rocldng levers,

and of the cylinders being in substantially the same vertical plane, each of said piyotal connections between the connecting rods and the rocking levers being located inwardly toward the crankshaft from a line extending medially through the adjacent rocking lever.

2. An engine of the class described comprising, a plurality of units including two end units, each of these units comprising two cylinders integrally connected by a frame, this frame having a crank shaft bearing therein intermediate said unitslocated at right angles to the axes of the said cylinders, the said cylinders being parallelly positioned, said units being adapted to be placed side by side whereby the several crank shaft bearings are located in alined relationship and whereby the several cylinders are positioned in two alined rows, one row on each side of the axes of the crank shaft bearings, the crank shaft extending through the several crank shaft bearings,

two pistons located in each of the cylinders, pis-.

ton rods, one for .each piston, extending outwardly from each set of pistons, a series of rocking levers equal in number to the number of units positioned on the respective frame members in alinement with. the median of the several cylinders, a second series of rocking levers oppositely positioned to the first series, means for connecting the respective ends of'the several rocking levers to the adjacent piston rods and means extending from one end of each of the rocking levers to the cranks on the crank shaft whereby the crank shaft is rotated.

' 3. An engine as set forth in claim 2 in which cover plates are provided for extending over and concealing the rocking levers and their appurtenances, said cover plates aiding in maintaining the side by side positioning of the several units.

MARK J. 'GOLDBERG. 

